Start indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost, stratify if sowing indoors. Direct sow a group of seeds every 3’, two to four weeks before last frost. If start inside may bloom the first year. Prefers moist rich soils in woodlands, thickets or along streams, sloughs or other bodies of water. Can handle a little shade. Warm season rhizomatous perennial forb, divide every three years, spreads moderately, may be unsuiable for small landscape plantings. Cut back spent blooms to encourage fall re-bloom. Soil pH 6.6–7.8. Hardiness zones 3–9. Perennial.
Average 14,000 seeds per ounce. Usual seed life: 3–5 years.
Planting Depth
1/4"Soil Temp. Germ.
68˚F stratify
Days to Germ.
14Plant Spacing
3’Row Spacing
4-6’Days To Maturity
2 yearsFull Sun,
Moist Well Drained Soil